The default compiler for the Linux kernel is GCC. Given that the goal of this article is to introduce you to the Linux kernel and explore its architecture and major components, let's start with a short tour of Linux kernel history, then look at the Linux kernel architecture from 30,000 feet, and, finally, examine its major subsystems. There are usually only a few bugfix kernel releases until next mainline kernel becomes available - unless it is designated a 'longterm maintenance kernel. Linux kernels support preemptive multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, memory management at the system level, threading, and other modern operating system features. After each mainline kernel is released, it is considered 'stable.' Any bug fixes for a stable kernel are backported from the mainline tree and applied by a designated stable kernel maintainer. LKMs can be written, maintained, and distributed by device manufacturers or volunteers, and can load or unload to the system without rebooting, and without re- compiling the kernel. Unlike standard monolithic kernels, the Linux kernel is also modular, accepting LKMs (Linux kernel modules) that act as device drivers. In contrast, in a microkernel architecture, the kernel alone defines and controls how the operating system interfaces with the computer's hardware. For example, one type of module is the device driver, which allows the kernel to access hardware connected to the system. The Linux kernel is a "monolithic" architecture - the OS operates entirely in the kernel space. This means that youre running Linux kernel 4.4.0-97, or in more generic terms, you are running Linux kernel version 4.4. The Linux kernel is currently distributed under GNU's General Public License. Today, it is widely-adopted, free, and open source software that is actively maintained by developers all over the world. The Linux kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 for use on his personal computer. Operating systems such as Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, and Arch are sometimes called "Linux" because they each use the Linux kernel. It's also used in embedded systems, such as routers, and in all Android -based systems, including many popular tablets and smartphones. It represents the core of Linux distributions for servers and desktop computers. It's also used in embedded systems, such as routers, and in all Android-based systems, including many popular tablets and smartphones. The Linux kernel is the foundation of any Linux-based operating system. The Linux kernel is the foundation of any Linux-based operating system.
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